季冻区草炭土非线性K-G模型试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

高康  徐燕  胡天明  韩伶敏 《探矿工程》2021,48(1):112-119

季冻区草炭土是沼泽环境中植物残体在氧化分解作用下,堆积形成的含有大量未分解纤维残体的特殊土。草炭土纤维及其含量对其强度和变形特性具有重要影响,目前考虑纤维含量对草炭土强度和变形特性影响的本构关系研究还相对匮乏。K-G本构模型因其模型参数与土的体积模量和剪切模量能建立直接联系,因此在岩土工程非线性理论和数值计算分析方面广泛应用。以不同纤维含量的草炭土为研究对象,进行三轴剪切试验,研究了草炭土的应力应变曲线,得到了草炭土非线性K-G模型参数,分析了各模型参数随纤维含量的变化规律,建立了模型参数与纤维含量之间的线性函数关系。  相似文献   

广西大瑶山东南缘侏罗纪埃达克质花岗岩的特征、成因及构造意义     

许华  韩淑朋  钟锋运  黄启明  白晓  陈子龙 《岩石矿物学杂志》2021,40(6):1074-1092

对钦杭结合带西南段大瑶山东南缘的中晚侏罗世埃达克质花岗岩（165~153 Ma）进行了岩石学、地球化学研究,并探讨了埃达克质和TTG岩类的特征属性。岩石SiO₂含量63.76%~72.13%,总体具高Al₂O₃（Al₂O₃≥15%）、低MgO （<3%）,亏损重稀土元素（HREE）、正Eu异常或弱的负Eu异常,低Y （≤18×10^-6）和Yb （≤1.9×10^-6）,高Sr （>300×10^-6）和Sr/Y值（>20）等埃达克岩独特的地球化学特征。结合区域构造演化分析认为,该侏罗纪埃达克质花岗岩形成于陆内伸展构造背景,为大陆板内加厚（隆起区）的下地壳底部岩石部分熔融的产物,属大陆板内环境I型花岗岩。具有类似于低镁安山岩/闪长岩系列（LMA）和镁安山岩/闪长岩系列（MA）两种高压型TTG亚类的属性,为古俯冲增生带下地壳弧型岩石熔融的继承性特征,与中生代古太平洋俯冲板片熔融过程无关,属非俯冲成因的埃达克/TTG岩类。其空间上与大瑶山东南缘早古生代俯冲增生带高度重合,且与早古生代TTG侵入岩组合紧密相邻,提示它们可能源自于早古生代洋壳俯冲带或大陆边缘弧下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融,因而具有洋俯冲成因的特征属性。  相似文献   

甘肃天水地区强降雨诱发黄土-泥岩滑坡机理实验研究     

韩帅  孙萍  李荣建  张瑾  李晓斌  祝恩珍 《现代地质》2021,35(3):720-731

在甘肃天水地区每年由降雨诱发的黄土-泥岩滑坡灾害事故很多,给当地人民生命财产造成巨大损失。为探索该类斜坡的滑动破坏过程与机理,在野外地质调查、工程地质钻探及岩土体力学测试的基础上,通过室内大型物理模型实验,研究“上部黄土+下部泥岩”二元结构类型斜坡在强降雨作用下的动态变形演化过程,揭示该类斜坡的破坏机理和破坏模式。结果表明:强降雨作用下斜坡变形破坏以滑动破坏为主,水分的作用主要表现为增加土体自重、引起土体强度降低、降低结构面的抗滑力、产生孔隙水压力及降低有效应力等几个方面,斜坡的破坏模式则主要表现为坡肩侵蚀→微裂隙产生、发展、贯通→斜坡局部滑动破坏→斜坡整体滑动破坏。研究结果对天水地区该类滑坡的早期识别有重要的参考意义,可为该类滑坡的防灾减灾提供科学依据。  相似文献   

甘肃通渭“9·14”常河滑坡成因机理     

王浩杰  孙萍  韩帅  张帅  李晓斌  王涛  辛鹏  郭强 《现代地质》2021,35(3):732-743

2019年9月14日11时,受多日降雨影响,甘肃省定西市通渭县常家河镇小庄村发生大规模黄土滑坡,体积约800万m³。滑坡造成部分农田、公路及阳坡大桥损毁,直接经济损失约2 347.2万元。在对滑坡现场进行大量地面调查的基础上,通过无人机航拍、现场测绘、走访调查和数值模拟等手段对滑坡的变形破坏特征进行了分析,并在此基础上探讨了其成因机制。结果表明:斜坡体是在震裂、蠕变、软化、水动力等多种条件下按照一定的先后顺序由稳态逐步演化至失稳;该滑坡的失稳演化过程和灾变机制可以概括为原始斜坡(黄土、泥岩二元层状结构)-地震触发(滑坡堆积体、坡体震裂损伤)-蠕变弱化(层间剪切带、裂缝和落水洞扩展)-降雨激发(滑带软化、泥化,水压力作用)-失稳滑动(滑面贯通)5个阶段;由于长期的蠕变和雨水的渗透冲蚀,坡体上的落水洞和地下暗河十分发育,且是控制本次滑坡边界的关键因素;滑坡后缘和前缘变形剧烈,中部变形相对稍弱,推断该滑坡为受地形及地下水作用控制明显的牵引-推移式复合滑坡。  相似文献   

Application of Strontium Isotopic Stratigraphy to DatingMarine Sedimentary Units: A Case Study from the PermianStratotype Section in Southern China     

QU Hongjun  CHEN Shuo  HAN Xing  WANG Li  GUAN Liqun  FAN Yuhai 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(2):355-369

The calibration of sedimentary rock absolute dates is one of the difficulties in sedimentological and stratigraphic research. Since strontium(Sr) resides in seawater much longer(≈106 a) than the seawater intermixing time(≈103 a), the Sr isotopic composition of global seawater is uniform at any time and results in a stable system throughout geological history,based on which a global Sr isotope composition dating database has been established for age-calibration of marine strata.The Permian stratigraphic sections in the northern part of the Upper Yangtze block, southern China, record continuous marine sediments with clear stratigraphic boundaries and is suitable for stratigraphic dating of Sr isotopes. Based on sampling and Sr isotopic compositions of Permian carbonate strata in the northern part of the Upper Yangtze, a Permian Sr isotope evolution curve was established. According to the basic principles of Sr isotope stratigraphy, the global Strontium isotope age database can be used to calibrate the Permian stratigraphic dates in the northern Upper Yangtze. The results show that the Sr isotope evolution curves for the marine carbonate rocks in the Permian stratigraphic section of the Upper Yangtze present a decreasing trend from the mid-Qixia stage(P2) to the mid-Wujiaping stage(P3), and then rise from the middle Wujiaping stage to the end of Changxing stage(P3). When the Permian Sr-isotope evolution curve is compared with the global Sr isotope evolution curve in the northern Upper Yangtze, the two are consistent in their long-term evolutionary trend, indicating that Permian global geological events are important controlling factors for the composition and evolution of Sr isotopes. The 87 Sr/86 Sr value decreased gradually in the background of large-scale regressions at the turn of middle to late Permian period, revealing that the Emeishan basalt eruption occurred near the Maokou/Wujiaping boundary(GLB). Srisotope stratigraphy dating was performed on the boundaries of the Qixia Formation/Maokou Formation, Maokou Formation/Wujiaping Formation(GLB), Wujiaping Formation/Changxing Formation(WCB) and the Permian/Triassic(PTB) using the Global Strontium Isotope Age Database. The results are 270.4 Ma, 261.2 Ma, 254.5 Ma and 249.7 Ma,respectively. Based on this, the eruption age of the Emeishan basalts is defined at about 261.2 Ma., which is more coincident with that acquired from other previous dating methods on the eruption age of the Emeishan basalts, and therefore proves that the application of Sr isotopic stratigraphy to dating marine sedimentary units is an effective method.  相似文献   

U-Pb Zircon and Re-Os Molybdenite Geochronology of theW-Mo Mineralized Region of South Qinling,China, andtheir Tectonic Implications     

HAN Ke  YANG Xingke  CHAO Huixi  HE Hujun  RUAN Shiqi  GAO Yunfeng  ZHANG Weisheng  ZHU Wei  JIN Gang 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(2):500-516

A W-Mo mineralized region is located along the northern margin of the South Qinling tectonic belt of China. WMo mineralization occurs mainly in Cambrian–Ordovician clastic and carbonate rocks, and the ore bodies are structurally controlled by NW–SE-and NNE–SSW-striking faults. Evidence for magmatism in the area is widespread and is dominated by intermediate–felsic intrusives or apophyses, such as the Dongjiangkou, Yanzhiba, Lanbandeng, and Sihaiping granitic bodies. Quartz-vein-type mineralization and fault-controlled skarn-type mineralization dominate the ore systems, with additional enrichment in residual deposits. At present, there are few or insufficient studies on(1) the age of mineralization,(2) the relationship between intermediate–felsic granite and W-Mo mineralization,(3) the source of ore-forming materials,and(4) the metallogenic and tectonic setting of the mineralized area. In this paper, we present geochronology results for numerous intrusive granitic bodies in the South Qinling tectonic belt. U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Lanbandeng monzogranite and Wangjiaping biotite monzogranite yields ages of 222.7 ± 2.3 and 201.9 ± 1.8 Ma, respectively. In contrast to the Late Triassic age of the Lanbandeng monzogranite, the age of the newly discovered Wangjiaping biotite monzogranite places it at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. Re-Os molybdenite geochronology on the Qipangou W-Mo deposit yielded a model age of 199.7 ± 3.9 Ma, indicating the deposit formed in the early Yanshanian period of the Early Jurassic. Granitoid intrusions in the mineralized area are characterized by composite granite bodies that crystallized at ca.240–190 Ma. While there were multiple stages of intrusion, most occurred at 210–220 Ma, with waning magmatic activity at 200–190 Ma. The Re-Os age of molybdenite in the region is ca. 200–190 Ma, which may represent a newly discovered period of W-Mo metallogenesis that occurred during the final stages of magmatism. The heat associated with this magmatism drove ore formation and might have provided additional ore-forming components for metallogenesis(represented by the Wangjiaping biotite monzogranite). Ore materials in the mineralized area were derived from mixed crustal and mantle sources. Enrichment of the region occurred during intracontinental orogenesis in the late Indosinian–Yanshanian, subsequent to the main Indosinian collision. At this time, the tectonic environment was dominated by extension and strike-slip motion.  相似文献   

北京平原区土壤地球化学特征及影响因素分析     

李欢  黄勇  张沁瑞  贾三满  徐国志  冶北北  韩冰 《物探与化探》2021,(2):502-516

基于北京平原区土壤地球化学调查数据,运用数理统计、因子分析、相关性分析、回归分析等方法研究了土壤元素的横向和纵向分布特征,并探讨其影响因素。结果表明:北京平原区土壤CaO、MgO、Na 2O、Hg、Cd、Sr、Ba、Sn等含量偏高,Sb、As、Th、W、Br、U、I、Mo、有机质等含量偏低。R型因子分析结果显示,F1因子为反映土壤原始背景特征的元素组合,F2、F4、F6因子为反映人类活动对土壤元素分布特征影响的元素组合,F3因子为反映成土母质基本信息的元素组合,F5因子为反映成土母岩基本特征的元素组合。利用一元非线性回归分析对部分元素的垂向分布特征进行数学建模,回归系数R 2值为0.542~0.960,拟合效果总体较好;从区域尺度上初步判断出人类活动对重金属元素Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn影响深度约150~200 cm,对养分指标N、P、S、Se、有机质影响深度约50~100 cm。一般情况下,褐土中Se、Bi、Li、有机质、Mo、W等39项元素与指标的含量高于潮土,不同土壤质地中As、Cd、Cr、Ni、N、B等29项元素含量的大小关系为:砂质壤土<砂质黏壤土<黏壤土<壤质黏土,耕地土壤中Cd、N、P、有机质含量明显高于林地,中心城区土壤中有害重金属元素、养分指标的含量普遍高于郊区。  相似文献   

Structural,Kinematic and Geochronological Study of the Main Tianshan Shear Zone in the Borohoro Ranges,NW China     

LIU Tianlun  CHEN Siyu  ZHANG Bo  CAI Ked  HAN Baofu  QU Junfeng  GUO Lei  WANG Meng 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(5):1431-1455

The western segment of the Main Tianshan shear zone (MTSZ) branches into three major dextral strike-slip shear zones in the Borohoro Ranges, northwestern China. Mylonitic rocks within these zones exhibit vertical foliations, subhorizontal lineations, and dextral kinematics. The microstructures and CPO patterns of calcite and quartz in the tectonites suggest shearing at temperatures of 200°C to 500°C or above. The amount of dextral displacement along the zones is less than 100 km. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from some pre-kinematic granites gave ages of 364–325 Ma and 316 Ma, and zircons from a syn-kinematic leucogranite gave an age of 291 Ma. We propose that dextral shearing along the MTSZ started in the earliest Permian. Our data indicate that collision between the Yili and Junggar plates might have finished before 325 Ma or 316 Ma, with a tectonic transformation from 325 Ma to 300 Ma, resulting in intracontinental transpression from 300 Ma or 291 Ma. We suggest that the formation of the Kazakhstan orocline (KO) took place in two stages, with the early stage of bending driven by convergence related to oblique subduction, and the late stage possibly associated with lateral disarticulation as a result of the dextral strike-slip shear zones.  相似文献   

东天山觉罗塔格构造带钙碱性侵入岩角闪石矿物学特征及其对区域找矿的启示     

李季霖  陈正乐  周涛发  韩凤彬  张文高  霍海龙  刘博  赵同阳  韩琼  李平  陈贵民 《大地构造与成矿学》2021,45(3):534-552

新疆东天山觉罗塔格构造带位于吐哈盆地和中天山地块之间,区内矿产资源丰富,是我国重要的金属矿产分布区,其成矿作用与岩浆活动密切相关.本文在详细岩相学观察的基础上,对角闪石进行了电子探针(EMPA)测试分析,限定了区内8个岩体结晶的温压条件、岩浆氧逸度和含水量等要素,为解析觉罗塔格构造带内钙碱性侵入岩的构造环境、演化过程和成矿作用提供矿物学方面的制约.测试分析表明,岩体中的角闪石富镁(MgO:5.82％～18.04％)、富钙(CaO:9.91％～12.56％)、富钠(Na2O/K2O>1.0)、贫钾(K2O:0.06％～1.16％),属于钙角闪石族.角闪石化学成分特征揭示其大部分为中酸性侵入岩中的角闪石,寄主岩浆为钙碱性,岩浆物质来源具有壳幔混源的特征,是板块俯冲背景下由地幔楔与大陆地壳物质混熔形成.由角闪石温压计得出矿物的结晶温度为751.88～887.46℃,压力为62～248 MPa,相应侵位深度为2.35～9.4 km.通过角闪石成分计算出岩浆的氧逸度为ΔNNO+0.30至ΔNNO+2.48,并且在角闪石结晶时岩浆具有较高的含水量(H2Omelt>5％).通过分析可知觉罗塔格构造带中的钙碱性侵入岩具有高温、低压、高氧逸度、富水和侵位浅的特点,有利于Cu等元素在成矿流体中富集,符合区域斑岩型铜矿的成矿条件.因此推测觉罗塔格构造带内仍具有一定斑岩铜矿的找矿潜力.  相似文献   

商丹断裂带(河南段)构造变形特征及其找矿意义          下载免费PDF全文

薛艳  韩天成  陶威  易志强  马洪勇  黄向东 《地质找矿论丛》2021,36(3):257-264

商丹断裂带是一条多期次活动的大型断裂带,区域上也是大型金属矿的赋存带,对金属矿产具有重要的控制作用。文章以商丹断裂带(河南段)为研究对象,在基于孔沟至寨根一带构造剖面的宏观特征和显微构造特征解析的基础上,对研究区控矿构造和机理提出了新的认识。综合研究表明,商丹断裂带(河南段)具多期活动特征,整体呈现"正花状构造"样式。分析方解石机械双晶、矿物动态重结晶及变质矿物组合等显微构造显示,断裂带以韧性变形为主,两侧地层以韧性和脆性变形叠加为特征。区内变质变形温度以绿片岩相、中低温为主,局部可达角闪岩相。早期的韧性剪切活动控制本区金矿的总体控矿界面,晚期的构造活动形成的韧-脆性破碎带对先期形成的矿床进行改造、富集、最终定位,主断裂两侧的次级韧-脆性构造带是未来寻找金矿的有利部位。  相似文献